The next epidemics will most likely come from the global south, where contact between humans and wild animals is most prevalent.

Factors responsible for viral emergence

Grubaugh et al, 2019

https://gyazo.com/429f71c027df7bb6fee1daa629f125b7

Chapter 5 Infectious Disease Emergence: Past, Present, and Future. Microbial Evolution and Co-Adaptation: A Tribute to the Life and Scientific Legacies of Joshua Lederberg: Workshop Summary.

https://gyazo.com/acd5a0a81be2e6e37cc8a94361cec626

History of disease emergence

The urgent need is to provide richer COVID data for each locality. But it goes beyond COVID. According to the WHO, rabies kills 59,000 people/yr. In this map of viruses carried by mosquitos (eg, Dengue, Zika), we see that the worst hit is the developing world.

https://gyazo.com/f4c7962d4e253e221097786cbeba7b2e

Map from Leta et al, 2018

Human and wildlife interaction

Hassell et al, 2017 Urbanization and Disease Emergence: Dynamics at the Wildlife–Livestock–Human Interface,

https://gyazo.com/40851f919ac15f97223d99bace1d65eb

https://gyazo.com/d339a3b0c7ad831b54cf662dd60bd794

Ullmann et al, 2011 Interactions between environment, wild animals and human leptospirosis.